Abstract:
On the territory of the Almaty region, there are warehouses with banned and nonutilized pesticides, the active substances, and metabolites of which pollute the pastures of farm
animals located nearby. Blood samples of 27 sheep from three monitoring points of the Almaty region were analyzed for the presence of genomic mutations and chromosomal aberrations. Cell cultivation and preparation of slides were carried out by standard cytogenetic techniques. The frequency of occurrence of genomic mutations in the blood system of experimental groups of animals exceeded the same indicator in the control group by an average of 1.98 times, and chromosomal aberrations - by 4.1 times. The proportion of hypodiploid cells accounted for 70% of the total number of genomic mutations. Polyploidy accounted for up to 27.9%, and hyperdiploidy was found in single cells. The calculation of indicators of general cytogenetic instability showed that hyperdiploidy and chromosomal aberrations are the main components of this indicator, which, on average in the three monitoring sites, exceeded the control data by 4.14 times. Statistical data processing allows us to conclude about the genotoxic effect of prohibited and non-utilized pesticides on the body of sheep, which have a clastogenic, aneugenic, and mutagenic effect.
