Tamga as an Element of Intertribal and Intercultural Relations of the Turks in the Periods of Ancient History and the Middle Ages

Abstract

The study of the history and culture of different peoples, especially their intercultural interactions, deepens our understanding of world history. The aim of this article is to determine the role of tamgas in the intertribal and intercultural relations of steppe peoples during the ancient and medieval periods. A systematic analysis of various sources identifies tamgas as tribal distinguishing marks, artisan symbols, signs of aristocracy, and indicators of allegiance to Mongolian rulers. The study highlights the interactions of the tamga with the ancient Hungarians, the Indians, the Chinese, and the Rurik dynasty. The study presents a generalised view of the role of the tamga for the Turks in specific historical periods.