Abstract:
Solar energy, which is widely acknowledged for its economic feasibility and sustainable nature, functions
as a critical substitute for finite fossil fuels, effectively alleviating ecological consequences. The purpose of
this study is to investigate the implementation of solar collectors as a means of harnessing the ample and
unaltered solar radiation in Iran, specifically in locations situated within the solar belt. The incorporation of
solar energy not only aids in the expansion of energy sources through diversification but also mitigates the
rising expenses linked to fossil fuels. The preservation of natural resources, coupled with limited renewable
energy options, further accentuates the importance of solar energy. The optimization of solar panel collector
angles in photovoltaic systems assumes paramount importance for maximizing energy efficiency. This
study, conducted in Yazd, Iran, utilized innovative mathematical and particle swarm optimization (PSO)
models to assess ideal inclination angles. Results indicate peak solar energy absorption during June and July,
contrasting with minimal absorption in January. The Klein model prescribes inclination angles based on
γ values, while the PSO algorithm determines optimal slope and azimuth angles across various periods.
Significant enhancements in energy generation, ranging from 23.24 to 25.02% across optimization models,
were observed compared to a horizontal surface. These findings underscore the imperative of optimizing
solar panel placement in urban settings to augment energy generation. Utilizing the optimal orientation
for the photovoltaic power supply system can result in an annual reduction of 1169.6 kg of CO2 emissions
in the building, emphasizing the positive environmental impact achievable through strategic solar panel
configurations.
