Abstract:
This article examines the environmental problems of the
Western region in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors emphasize
that for many decades the oil fields of Kazakhstan have developed mainly
a raw material management system with extremely high technogenic loads
on the environment. It is noted that for Kazakstani economy, oil and gas
production and especially their export play a key role in generating income
and growth within the gross product. At the same time, the authors point
out that the impact of the oil and gas field on the environment in recent
years has been characterized by its intensity, diversity and significant scale.
The issue of developing new hydrocarbon raw materials deposits is
considered, which is accompanied by geological exploration, drilling and
construction works, laying of pipelines and roads. The authors come to the
conclusion that a strong anthropogenic impact on all components of the
environment causes an active change in the chemical and physicochemical
properties of the soil, disrupts the hydrological regime of territories, leads
to impoverishment and changes in the species composition, structure and
productivity of phytocenoses, a reduction in the spatial distribution and
number of animal populations. In conclusion, the authors put forward a
number of fundamental tasks for solving environmental problems of the
industry
