Abstract:
This study examines the dynamics and effectiveness of investments in Kazakhstan’s research and development (R&D). The primary aim is to assess the efficiency of scientific
research activities in Kazakhstan by analyzing the relationship between R&D investments and scientific outputs across different periods. As a methodological approach,
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) calculates efficiency indicators by transforming
multiple inputs into outputs. Descriptive analysis comprehensively explains trends and
patterns in R&D funding, scientific publications, and patent registrations. The results
reveal a substantial increase in R&D expenditure. Despite this, the share of domestic
R&D expenditures from the gross domestic product (GDP) declined from 0.25% to
0.12%. The analysis also uncovered a significant surge in scientific publications, with
Scopus publications increasing from 1,799 to 28,280 and Web of Science publications
rising from 1,468 to 20,532 across the study period. However, a contrasting trend was
observed in patent registrations, which decreased from 6,968 to 2,612, indicating potential inefficiencies in translating research into innovations. The study concludes that
while Kazakhstan has demonstrated notable progress in enhancing research output,
the decline in patent registrations relative to the increase in R&D investments underscores the need for strategic initiatives. These should strengthen industry-academia
collaboration, enhance innovation infrastructure, and balance incentives for publications and patents, ensuring that R&D investments translate into tangible innovations
and contribute effectively to the nation’s socio-economic development.
